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Cultural differences define diagnosis and genomic medicine practice: implications for undiagnosed diseasesprogram in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 389-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0281-3

摘要：

Despite the current acceleration and increasing leadership of Chinese genetics research, genetics and its clinical application have largely been imported to China from the Occident. Neither genetics nor the scientific reductionism underpinning its clinical application is integral to the traditional Chinese worldview. Given that disease concepts and their incumbent diagnoses are historically derived and culturally meaningful, we hypothesize that the cultural expectations of genetic diagnoses and medical genetics practice differ between the Occident and China. Specifically, we suggest that an undiagnosed diseases program in China will differ from the recently established Undiagnosed Diseases Program at the United States National Institutes of Health; a culturally sensitive concept will integrate traditional Chinese understanding of disease with the scientific reductionism of Occidental medicine.

关键词： genetics     cultural differences     undiagnosed diseases program    

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Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 322-328 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0204-8

摘要：

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the Shanghai population of China and its association with undiagnosed hypertension, by taking age, gender and place of residence (urban or suburban) into account. A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 2007. The sample included 13 359 participants aged 15–69 years. Weight, height, and blood pressure were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight and obesity prevalence were calculated by the body mass index (BMI) definition recommended by Working Group on Obesity in China (normal weight, 18.5–23.9 kg/m2; overweight, 24–27.9 kg/m2; obesity,≥28 kg/m2). Undiagnosed hypertension was defined by China criteria in accord with that of WHO-ISH (subjects with systolic pressure≥140 mmHg, and/or diastolic pressure≥90 mmHg). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of overweight or obesity with undiagnosed hypertension by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence. The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed hypertension prevalence were 27.6% (95% CI: 26.8–28.4), 6.6% (95% CI: 6.2–7.0), and 15.5% (95% CI: 14.9–16.1), respectively. Compared to normal weight subjects, the odds ratios (OR) for subjects who were overweight and had hypertension was 2.33 (95% CI: 2.10–2.59); that for obesity and hypertension was 4.27 (95% CI: 3.66–4.99). These data suggest that overweight and obesity prevalence and their association with undiagnosed hypertension are high in our study population.

关键词： overweight     obesity     undiagnosed hypertension     prevalence     association    

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Sustainable Program Quality Management of International Infrastructure Construction

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第3期   页码 239-245 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016047

摘要： Management of the program quality for international infrastructure construction projects is complicated. Sustainability of these programs is the key for them to succeed in their lifecycles. This paper investigated current program quality management and compared it with the results of recent surveys of KGMP. A method for the sustainable program quality management of the international infrastructure construction management is proposed and demonstrated by research projects. The cycle of accountability, predictability, balance ability, and policy was proposed. The findings from the KGMP’s survey and this research show that the trend of the sustainable program quality management of the international infrastructure construction is transferring from agility to alacrity in the balancing of the metrics among economy, ecology, culture, and politics.

关键词： sustainability     program     infrastructure    

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Achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in the People’s Republic of China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 85-92 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0917-7

摘要： In 2017, China achieved the target of zero indigenous malaria case for the first time, and has been certified as malaria free by World Health Organization in 2021. To further summarize the historical achievements and technical experiences of the elimination program, a project on the Roadmap Analysis and Verification for Malaria Elimination in China was carried out. Results of the project were compiled and published as the Atlas of Malaria Transmission in China (The Atlas). The Atlas using modern digital information technologies, has been supported by various data from 24 malaria endemic provinces of China since 1950, to assess the changes in malaria epidemic patterns from 1950 to 2019 at national and provincial levels. The Atlas is designed as two volumes, including a total of 1850 thematic maps and more than 130 charts, consisting of introductory maps, thematic maps of malaria epidemic and control at national and provincial levels. It objectively and directly shows the epidemic history, evolution process, and great achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in China. The Atlas has important reference value for summing up historical experience in the national malaria elimination program of China, and malaria control and elimination in other endemic countries in the world.

关键词： malaria     transmission     control     elimination     China     atlas    

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Risk evaluation for the task transfer of an aircraft maintenance program based on a multielement connection

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0282-0

摘要： This paper proposes a framework for evaluating the efficacy and suitability of maintenance programs with a focus on quantitative risk assessment in the domain of aircraft maintenance task transfer. The analysis is anchored in the principles of Maintenance Steering Group-3 (MSG-3) logic decision paradigms. The paper advances a holistic risk assessment index architecture tailored for the task transfer of maintenance programs. Utilizing the analytic network process (ANP), the study quantifies the weight interrelationships among diverse variables, incorporating expert-elicited subjective weighting. A multielement connection number-based evaluative model is employed to characterize decision-specific data, thereby facilitating the quantification of task transfer-associated risk through the appraisal of set-pair potentials. Moreover, the paper conducts a temporal risk trend analysis founded on partial connection numbers of varying orders. This analytical construct serves to streamline the process of risk assessment pertinent to maintenance program task transfer. The empirical component of this research, exemplified through a case study of the Boeing 737NG aircraft maintenance program, corroborates the methodological robustness and pragmatic applicability of the proposed framework in the quantification and analysis of mission transfer risk.

关键词： risk evaluation     maintenance steering group     analytic network process     task transfer     maintenance program    

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Laparoscopic treatment of liver diseases in children

Jia Wei, Jiexiong Feng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 388-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0165-3

摘要： Laparoscopic liver surgery has been increasingly used for the treatment of pediatric liver diseases over the past decade due to the development of special laparoscopic instruments and improvements in the technique. A number of factors are considered when electing to undergo the surgical process, including age, type of liver disease, and so on. Especially in children with liver masses, the number of trocars used and the position of their placement must be carefully designed to achieve successful outcomes. In the current review, the application of various laparoscopic instruments and the methods used for the laparoscopic treatment of liver diseases in children over the past decade are summarized.

关键词： laparoscopic surgery     liver mass     pediatric    

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Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China

Jun-Jie XIAO MD, Yi-Han CHEN MD, PhD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 16-20 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0007-8

摘要： Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause one third of all deaths in China, and the number is anticipated to double by 2020. They also greatly result in disability and adjusted life year loss. The prevalence of CVD has become a new burden for China, due to an aging population, smoking, and changes in dietary habits and lifestyles. As the largest developing country, China needs to tailor her own national policies for managing CVD with full consideration of epidemiology, local needs, and affordability. Smoking cessation, increased physical activity, control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and maintenance of a “traditional Chinese” diet should be important strategies for reducing the burden of CVD in China. Health officials in China should take their responsibilities to implement educational and preventive measures seriously.

关键词： cardiovascular diseases     prevalence     China     risk factors     prevention    

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Diagnosis and therapy of lacrimal system diseases by micro lacrimal endoscope

Nan XIANG, Weikun HU, Jing YUAN, Guigang LI, Haixia LIU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 113-117 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0001-1

摘要： The lacrimal endoscope is applied to the diagnosis and therapy of the disorders of the lacrimal system in combination with laser or micro drills under orthophoria. The changes of mucous membranes, the characteristics of pathological changes and the predilection sites of lacrimal system diseases were initially approached. One hundred and forty six pairs of eyes of 128 patients with lacrimal system disease were observed by the lacrimal endoscope in the Ophthalmology Department of Tongji Hospital from June 2006 to March 2007. The dynamic changes in mucous membranes, lesion sites, secreted substances and formation of membrane could be observed under orthophoria. Combined with laser or micro drill, the endoscope was applied to the therapy of lacrimal system disorders and the difference before and after the treatment was observed. Results are as follows: (1) The examination and therapy using the lacrimal endoscope were completed under topical anesthesia in 122 patients, and 6 patients of neonatorum dacryocystitis were examined and treated under general anaesthesia. All patients reported painless. (2) Sharp images of the lacrimal system were obtained by the endoscope. Normal lacrimal mucosal membrane was smooth and light pink, expanded and unobstructed during irrigation. In chronic dacryocystitis patients, the inhomogeneous colour of mucosal membranes was red and white, with different degrees of fibrotic membranes at the superior, middle and inferior parts of the nasolacrimal canals and secreted substances at sac could be observed. The lacrimal ducts could not be expanded and obstructed during irrigation. The patients with lacrimal system obstruction had different extents of membrane formation, and stenosis or complete obstruction of the lacrimal duct could be observed, and the corresponding mucosal membrane was not smooth which could not be expanded and obstructed during irrigation. (3) After the treatment by the endoscope combined with laser or micro drill, the major proliferation of the membrane disappeared and the lacrimal duct was unobstructed during irrigation. The cure rate and effective rate were 80.1% and 93.1%, respectively. The lacrimal endoscope is a new method in the diagnosis of lacrimal system diseases. Through a combination with laser or micro drill to carry out the therapy under orthophoria, it will bring a great change to the diagnosis and therapy of lacrimal system diseases.

关键词： lacrimal apparatus diseases     endoscopes    

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Responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: One world, One health

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0619-y

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国外重大慢性非传染性疾病防治对策研究

张祝琴,刘德培

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第2期   页码 112-116 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.019

摘要：

重大慢性非传染性疾病包括心脑血管疾病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等，其流行给全球居民健康造成了重大威胁。为进一步对慢性病进行有效预防控制，促进健康、推动经济和社会发展，2014年中国工程院立项并开展了“重大慢性非传染性疾病防治的国际对比研究”项目，对国内外慢性病预防控制情况以及可供我们借鉴的经验进行了详细分析。本文从慢性病发病概况入手，分析了各种疾病的预防控制措施，并对不同国家的慢性病预防控制体系进行比较，凝练有益经验和方法，提出了增强我国慢性病预防控制的措施和建议。

关键词： 慢性病     心脑血管疾病     癌症     呼吸系统疾病     糖尿病     疾病预防控制体系    

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Status of hyperhomocysteinemia in China: results from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening Program

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 903-912 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0871-4

摘要： A nationwide survey was conducted from October 2018 to September 2019 to assess the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) and its influencing factors in China. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information. Hhcy was defined as the level of serum homocysteine (HCY) ≥15.0 µmol/L. The H-type hypertension (HHYP) was defined as hypertension with an elevated serum HCY (≥15.0 µmol/L). Finally, 110 551 residents ≥40 years of age from 31 provinces in the mainland of China were included. Overall, the median serum HCY level was 10.9 µmol/L (interquartile range 7.9–15.1). A total of 28 633 participants (25.9%) were defined as Hhcy. The Hhcy prevalence ranged from 7.9% in Shanghai to 56.8% in Tianjin. The data showed that serum HCY levels were associated with age, male gender, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, ethnicity, endurance in exercise (inverse), and fruit and vegetable intake (inverse). In addition, 15 486 participants were defined as HHYP, and the rate was 14.0%. HHYP was an independent predictor of stroke with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.752 (95% CI 1.338–2.105). The geographical distribution pattern of the Hhcy epidemic reflects dynamic differences, and national strategies should be carried out to further improve the care of patients with Hhcy across China.

关键词： homocysteine     hyperhomocysteinemia     H-type hypertension     Chinese    

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The development of roadside green swales in the Chinese Sponge City Program: Challenges and opportunities

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 566-581 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0267-z

摘要： Roadside green swales have emerged as popular stormwater management infrastructure in urban areas, serving to mitigate stormwater pollution and reduce urban surface water discharge. However, there is a limited understanding of the various types, structures, and functions of swales, as well as the potential challenges they may face in the future. In recent years, China has witnessed a surge in the adoption of roadside green swales, especially as part of the prestigious Sponge City Program (SCP). These green swales play a crucial role in controlling stormwater pollution and conserving urban water resources by effectively removing runoff pollutants, including suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus. This review critically examines recent research findings, identifies key knowledge gaps, and presents future recommendations for designing green swales for effective stormwater management, with a particular emphasis on ongoing major Chinese infrastructure projects. Despite the growing global interest in bioswales and their significance in urban development, China’s current classification of such features lacks a clear definition or specific consideration of bioswales. Furthermore, policymakers have often underestimated the adverse environmental effects of road networks, as reflected in existing laws and planning documents. This review argues that the construction and maintenance of roadside green swales should be primarily based on three critical factors: Well-thought-out road planning, suitable construction conditions, and sustainable long-term funding. The integration of quantitative environmental standards into road planning is essential to effectively address the challenge of pollution from rainfall runoff. To combat pollution associated with roads, a comprehensive assessment of potential pollution loadings should be carried out, guiding the appropriate design and construction of green swales, with a particular focus on addressing the phenomenon of first flush. One of the major challenges faced in sustaining funds for ongoing maintenance after swale construction. To address this issue, the implementation of a green finance platform is proposed. Such a platform would help ensure the availability of funds for continuous maintenance, thus maximizing the long-term effectiveness of green swales in stormwater management. Ultimately, the findings of this review aim to assist municipal governments in enhancing and implementing future urban road designs and SCP developments, incorporating effective green swale strategies.

关键词： grass swale     infiltration swale     bioswale     wet swale     sponge city    

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Implementation of a flexible Major Vacation Toll-free Program for small passenger vehicles in China

Meng XU, Ziyou GAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 498-499 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017111

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Circulating microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases: from biomarkers to therapeutic targets

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 404-418 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0379-2

摘要：

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that have important and potent capacities to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In the past several years, the aberrant expressions of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system have been widely reported, and the crucial roles of some special miRNAs in heart development and pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases have been gradually recognized. Recently, it was discovered that miRNAs are presented in peripheral circulation abundantly and stably. This has raised the possibility of using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for diseases. Furthermore, some studies demonstrated that circulating miRNAs may serve as novel extracellular communicators of cell-cell communication. These discoveries not only reveal the functions of circulating miRNAs in cardiovascular system but also inform the development of miRNAs therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of circulating miRNAs in a variety of cardiovascular diseases from biomarkers to therapeutic targets to clearly understand the roles of circulating miRNAs in cardiovascular system.

关键词： microRNA     cardiovascular disease     biomarkers     therapeutic target    

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Strategic Project Management to Use the Grand Challenge Scholars Program to Address Urban Infrastructure

David A. Wyrick,Warren Myers

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第3期   页码 203-205 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016046

摘要： Throughout the world, infrastructure to support cities is critical to support sustainable and responsible economic development. This can include new infrastructure projects in the case of growing areas. It can also include the renewal and upgrading of existing infrastructure in areas that have been inhabited and already developed. Infrastructure includes roads, bridges and transportation systems; power grids and energy service; internet and telecommunications; and water and sewer services. This development can be part of a system of systems, in which government, industries, and universities can contribute knowledge, skills, and abilities. This paper will investigate the strategic project management taken by one university to provide an academic experience that will prepare engineering students to address several of the Grand Engineering Challenges of the 21st Century, as identified by the US National Academy of Engineering. The challenges relating to energy, water, information, and urban infrastructure can be approached using the functions of teaching, research, and service. By approaching the challenges strategically, resources of faculty time, student effort and laboratory facilities can be leveraged to achieve greater results. This case study will describe the efforts and results to date and identify opportunities for future growth.

关键词： Grand Challenges     urban infrastructure development     engineering management     system of systems     strategic management     engineering management case study    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Cultural differences define diagnosis and genomic medicine practice: implications for undiagnosed diseasesprogram in China

null

期刊论文

Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population

null

期刊论文

Sustainable Program Quality Management of International Infrastructure Construction

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang

期刊论文

Achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in the People’s Republic of China

期刊论文

Risk evaluation for the task transfer of an aircraft maintenance program based on a multielement connection

期刊论文

Laparoscopic treatment of liver diseases in children

Jia Wei, Jiexiong Feng

期刊论文

Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China

Jun-Jie XIAO MD, Yi-Han CHEN MD, PhD,

期刊论文

Diagnosis and therapy of lacrimal system diseases by micro lacrimal endoscope

Nan XIANG, Weikun HU, Jing YUAN, Guigang LI, Haixia LIU

期刊论文

Responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: One world, One health

null

期刊论文

国外重大慢性非传染性疾病防治对策研究

张祝琴,刘德培

期刊论文

Status of hyperhomocysteinemia in China: results from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening Program

期刊论文

The development of roadside green swales in the Chinese Sponge City Program: Challenges and opportunities

期刊论文

Implementation of a flexible Major Vacation Toll-free Program for small passenger vehicles in China

Meng XU, Ziyou GAO

期刊论文

Circulating microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases: from biomarkers to therapeutic targets

null

期刊论文

Strategic Project Management to Use the Grand Challenge Scholars Program to Address Urban Infrastructure

David A. Wyrick,Warren Myers

期刊论文